PT-141 Source

SOURCES // DOI // PUBMED

PT-141 References

Every claim on this site maps to an entry below.

How to read this list

Each numbered entry is cited inline across the site. Where a source has a DOI or PubMed ID, both are given. The US prescribing information is the authoritative source for the approved dose, pharmacokinetics, and contraindications. Review articles are labeled as reviews.

  1. Molinoff PB, Shadiack AM, Earle D, Diamond LE, Quon CY. PT-141: a melanocortin agonist for the treatment of sexual dysfunction. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2003;994:96-102. ↗
  2. Pfaus J, Shadiack A, Van Soest T, Tse M, Molinoff P. Selective facilitation of sexual solicitation in the female rat by a melanocortin receptor agonist. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004;101:10201-10204. ↗
  3. Kingsberg SA, Clayton AH, Portman D, Williams LA, Krop J, Jordan R, Lucas J, Simon JA. Bremelanotide for the Treatment of Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder: Two Randomized Phase 3 Trials. Obstet Gynecol. 2019;134(5):899-908. ↗
  4. Simon JA, Kingsberg SA, Portman D, Williams LA, Krop J, Jordan R, Lucas J, Clayton AH. Long-Term Safety and Efficacy of Bremelanotide for Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder. Obstet Gynecol. 2019;134(5):909-917. ↗
  5. Thurston L, Hunjan T, Mills EG, Wall MB, Ertl N, Phylactou M, et al. Melanocortin 4 receptor agonism enhances sexual brain processing in women with hypoactive sexual desire disorder. J Clin Invest. 2022;132(19):e152341. ↗
  6. Borland JM, Kohut-Jackson AL, Peyla AC, Hall MA, Mermelstein PG, Meisel RL. Female Syrian hamster analyses of bremelanotide, a US FDA approved drug for the treatment of female hypoactive sexual desire disorder. Neuropharmacology. 2025;267:110299. ↗
  7. U.S. Food and Drug Administration / DailyMed. Bremelanotide Injection — US Prescribing Information. 2019. ↗
  8. Nappi RE, Tiranini L, Cucinella L, Martini E, Bosoni D, Righi A. Pharmacotherapy for female sexual dysfunctions (FSDs): what is on the market and where is this field heading? Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2023;24(2):135-143. ↗
  9. Miller MK, Smith JR, Norman JJ, Clayton AH. Expert opinion on existing and developing drugs to treat female sexual dysfunction. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs. 2018;23(3):223-230. ↗
  10. Nappi RE, Tiranini L, Martini E, Bosoni D, Righi A, Cucinella L. Medical Treatment of Female Sexual Dysfunction. Urol Clin North Am. 2022;49(2):299-307. ↗
  11. Gelman F, Atrio J. Flibanserin for hypoactive sexual desire disorder: place in therapy. Ther Adv Chronic Dis. 2017;8(1):16-25. ↗
  12. Ronghe V, Pannase K, Gomase KP, Mahakalkar MG. Understanding Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder (HSDD) in Women: Etiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment. Cureus. 2023;15(11):e49690. ↗
  13. Carson CC 3rd. Central nervous system-acting agents and the treatment of erectile and sexual dysfunction. Curr Urol Rep. 2007;8(6):492-496. ↗
  14. Ila V, Pozzi E, Gamage M, Ramasamy R. Intravenous peptides and amino acids for erectile dysfunction: a narrative review of current applications and future directions. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2025;26(6):739-747. ↗
  15. Toledo RG, Winkelman WD, Reyes-Gonzalez D, Bergeron S, Fladger A, Hacker MR. Female Sexual Desire, Arousal, and Orgasmic Dysfunctions: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Treatment Options. J Minim Invasive Gynecol. 2026;33(1):14-29. ↗